Tendencies in disability of the population as a result of malignant neoplasms in Ukraine (on the example of the Poltavia region).

OBJECTIVE: Aim: To study the dynamics of the prevalence and structure of primary disability, including due to cancer, among the population of the Poltava region. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: The study used a retrospective analysis - the depth of the research search was six years (2019-2023); a comparative analysis - to establish the differences in disability indicators. Determining the trends of disability: analyzing the dynamic series. RESULTS: Results: The rate of initial disability due to neoplasms (including malignant) for 2019-2023 in Ukraine population is generally stable with a slight downward trend, in the Poltava region, there is a slight downward trend during the years 2019-2021, starting from 2022, begins to increase sharply, while throughout Ukraine the indicator remains stable. Among the able-bodied population of the Poltava region: if until 2021 the picture is identical to the indicators among the adult population, then starting from 2022 the disability of this contingent in the Poltava region begins to increase, while in Ukraine - to decrease. In 2023 among the population of the Poltava region, diseases of the musculoskeletal system became the cause of disability in 20.5 per 10,000 working-age population (І rank place) ; from circulatory system diseases was 12.3 (ІІ rank place); the rate of disability from a neoplasm is 16.1(ІІІ rank place). CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Analysis of the dynamics and structure of disabling pathology is important and necessary, as it allows to identify diseases that lead to permanent disability, as well as to develop medical and social measures to prevent disability.

STATE OF ORGANIZATION OF PROVIDING ONCOLOGICAL MEDICAL CARE TO THE POPULATION OF UKRAINE.

OBJECTIVE: Aim: The purpose of this work is to study the state of organizational factors in the provision of oncology care to the population of Ukraine and to determine the needs of the population in oncology care. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: The following materials were used in study: a report on diseases of malignant neoplasms; report on medical personnel; report on contingents of patients with malignant neoplasms. The used methods were: bibliosemantic, content analysis, analytical, statistical and graphical methods. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The oncological control system in Ukraine is represented by institutions of various levels. The number of specialized beds is increasing from 8,587 in 2015 to 9,088 in 2021. there is a tendency to decrease the total number of medical personnel by 12% and the number of general practitioners - family medicine by 1.5%. During the period from 2015 to 2021, the contingent of patients with neoplasms increased by 21-24%. The rate of neglect of cases of malignant neoplasms registered in Ukraine during 2022 was 22.4%, which is 1.4% more than in 2021. The system of oncology medical care of Ukraine is at a sufficient level, but there are certain difficulties caused by certain difficulties of the primary health care sector due to the decrease in the number of medical specialists. In the modern context, there are difficulties caused by the difficult migration situation of the population against the background of Russia's military aggression against Ukraine.

Comparative analysis of the dynamics of modified risk factors of non-communicable diseases among the population of China and Ukraine.

OBJECTIVE: Introduction: In the modern world, the problem of non-communicable diseases, which nowadays constitute the main cause of social and economic losses, is extremely topical: the main causes of disability and mortality of the working population are caused by non-communicable diseases. The aim is a comparative analysis of the prevalence and dynamics of the risk factors of the NCDs, and the overall mortality rate between the economically developed country - China and the developing country - Ukraine. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: To achieve the set goal, the method of data analysis was used - the alignment of dynamic rows with the definition of increasing rates, the determination of reliability between two unrelated aggregates, triangulation. Material: annual reports of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine and the National Bureau of Statistics of China. RESULTS: Review: As a result of the study, it was found that with the tendency to reduce the mortality rate, the mortality rate in Ukraine exceeds the rate in China, especially among men (2.5-3 times); the percentage of smoking is 6 times higher among Ukrainian women; an increase in malnutrition is observed in Ukraine, while in China it is constantly decreasing; in both countries there is an increase in the frequency of obesity in both sexes, but in Ukraine the prevalence is 4-6 times higher. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Thus, using the obtained data, one can conclude that, despite the difference in the level of economic development between countries, behavioral risk factors remain an extremely important problem.

Hypermobility of the articular heads of the temporomandibular joint: pathology or variant of the norm?

Introduction: Among the large contingent of patients with TMJ dysfunctions, there are persons with hypermobility of the joint heads of the lower jaw. Moreover, at present, the question of the frequency of occurrence of hypermobility of articular heads of the TMJ is not reflected. The aim of the work is to find out the frequency of occurrence of hypermobility of articular head among a healthy population and to evaluate the clinical, radiological, and electromyographic characteristics of the muscular-articular complex in these individuals. Material and methods: Surveys were conducted for 476 students aged 19 to 25 years. For people with revealed articular hypermobility of the articular heads, chewing and temporal muscle electromyography, TMJ aiming zonography in a lateral projection with open and closed mouth were performed with an assessment of the correspondence of the articular fossa of the temporal bone to the size of the articular head, the location of the articular heads relative to the apex of the articular tubercle. Results: Of the examined 476 students, 95 people (20%) revealed hypermobility of the articular heads of TMJ. According to the results of clinical, functional and radiological studies of TMJ, we identified three degrees of hypermobility: light, moderately expressed, significant. With light to moderate degree of hypermobility, electromyography of the temporal and chewing muscles and TMJ zonography did not reveal a difference in performance compared to healthy ones. Most of the examined did not note functional discomfort from the joints. With a significant degree of hypermobility of the articular heads, electromyography of the temporal and chewing muscles revealed a lack of synergism in their work. On TMJ zonograms with an open mouth, the articular heads extended anteriorly beyond the tops of the articular tubercles almost under their outer base. Conclusions: It has been established that hypermobility of the joint heads of the TMJ, which does not cause signs of pathology in the form of masticatory function disorders, discoordination of the masticatory muscles and uncontrolled displacements of the lower jaw, the presence of a pain symptom should be considered as a variant of norm.

Risk factors for development of hypertension in poltava region.

INTRODUCTION: Given the very dangerous situation in relation to cardiovascular morbidity, purpose of the study was to identify the main risk factors of hypertension among the population of Poltava region, to determine their role in the formation of this pathology. AIM: study the factors for development of hypertension in Poltava region Material and methods: The study was conducted by anonymous questionnaires of adults of Poltava region (1285 individuals in 2 groups: 563 individuals with hypertension, 722 people - healthy). The data, obtained in the study, were processed using special software - IBM SPSS Statistic Version 22.0. By logistic regression were identified risk factors that significantly affect the development of hypertension. RESULTS: According to the study identified major, statistically significant risk factors of hypertension among the population of Poltava region. Proved reliable impact these risk factors: age (over 40 years) - OR - 7.9, CI - 6,132-10,176, (p<0,001), gender (male) - OR - 1.899, CI - 1,512-2,386, (p<0,001), BMI (obesity) - OR - 3.9632, CI - 2,881-4,580, (p<0,001), smoking - OR - 1.918, CI - 1,263-2,913, (p=0,002), consumption of dairy products (occasionally) - OR - 1,553, CI - 1,215-1,985, (p<0,001), consumption of pork (often) - OR - 1,805, CI - 1,422-2,290, (p<0,001), consumption of beef (occasionally) - OR - 1,547, CI - 1,229-1,949, (p=0,006), consumption of smoked meat (often) - OR - 1,341, CI - 1,070-1,678, (p=0,006), consumption of sweets (often) - OR - 1,510, CI - 1,210-1,884, (p<0,001), night sleep (restless) - OR - 1,762, CI - 1,279-2,426, (p<0,001), duration of sleep (less than 6 hours) OR - 1,648, CI - 1,126-2,411, (p=0,01), physical activity (low) - OR - 2,734, CI - 2,102-3,555, (p<0,001), nature of the rest (passive) - OR - 2,476, CI - 1,970-3,112, (p<0,001), feeling stress (always) - OR - 1,537, CI - 1,227-1,926, (p<0,001), relations at home (tense) - OR - 3,072, CI - 1,517-6,221, (p=0,001), CVD in the family - OR - 1,397, CI - 1,110-1,758, (p=0,004), discomfort in the heart aria - OR - 3,090, CI - 2,453-3,893, (p<0,001), self-treatment - OR - 1.942, CI - 1,553-2,428, (p<0,001). CONCLUSIONS: The study found regional differences in risk factors of hypertension among the population of Poltava region, emphasized the need to increase attention of health professionals of primary care for problems of cardiovascular disease, make a point of the need to intensify primary prevention, modernization of behavior on health among population, promotion of the principles of a healthy lifestyle.